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''Cucumber mosaic virus'' (CMV) is a plant pathogenic virus〔Description of Plant Viruses:(What are viruses? )〕 in the family ''Bromoviridae''.〔Description of Plant Viruses: (Bromovirideae )〕 It is the type member of the plant virus〔(About Plant Viruses )〕 genus, ''Cucumovirus''.〔Description of Plant Viruses:(Cucumovirus )〕 This virus has a worldwide distribution and a very wide host range.〔Plant Viruses Online:( Cucumber mosaic host range )〕 In fact it has the reputation of having the widest host range of any known plant virus.〔Crop Knowledge Master: ( Cucumber Mosaic Virus )〕 It can be transmitted from plant to plant both mechanically by sap and by aphids in a stylet-borne fashion. It can also be transmitted in seeds and by the parasitic weeds, ''Cuscuta sp.'' (dodder). == Hosts and symptoms == In plant tissue this virus makes characteristic viral inclusion bodies which can be diagnostic. They are hexagonal in shape (Fig.1) and stain both in a protein stain and a nucleic acid stain.〔( Materials and Methods for the Detection of Viral Inclusions )〕 The inclusions can also be rhomboidal (Fig. 2b), may appear hollow (Fig. 1) and can form larger aggregates (Fig. 3b). The inclusions are not uniformly distributed and can be found in epidermal (Figs. 1 and 2b), mesophyll (Fig. 3b), and stomata cells (Fig. 4b). These inclusions〔(Inclusions of Cucumber mosaic virus )〕 are made up of virus particles. This virus was first found in cucumbers (''Cucumis sativus'') showing mosaic symptoms in 1934,〔Price, W.C. 1934. Phytopathology 24: 743.〕 hence the name ''Cucumber mosaic''. Since it was first recognized, it has been found to infect a great variety of other plants.〔Douine, L., Quiot, J.B., Marchoux, G. and Archange, P. 1979. Annls. Phytopath. 11: 439〕 These include other vegetables such as squash, melons, peppers, beans,〔Vegetable MD Online: (Bean – Cucumber mosaic Cucumovirus )〕 tomatoes, carrots, celery, lettuce, spinach〔Vegetable MD Online: (Virus Diseases of Leafy Vegetables and Celery )〕 and beets, various weeds and many ornamentals and bedding plants, such as ''Narcissus''. Symptoms seen with this virus include leaf mosaic or mottling (Fig. 2a), yellowing (Fig. 3a), ringspots (Fig. 4a), stunting, and leaf,〔Vegetable MD Online: (Important New York Vegetable Diseases )〕 flower and fruit distortion. CMV shows symptoms on leaves known as the “Shoestring” effect for most host species. This effect causes young leaves to appear narrow and the entire plant to be stunted.〔http://www.avrdc.org/pdf/tomato/CMV.pdf〕 Specifically CMV can cause cucumbers to turn pale and bumpy. The leaves of these plants turn mosaic and their rugosity is often changed, making leaves wrinkled and misshapened. Growth of these plants is usually stunted and produces few flowers. Often cucumber fruits are oddly shaped and appear gray. This appearance often leads to cucumbers being referred to as “white pickles.” Often infected cucumbers are bitter. In celery, CMV can cause streaking and spotting and can be often confused with symptoms of the celery mosaic virus. Symptoms of CMV in lettuce can be similar to those of Lettuce Mosaic Virus. Infected plants show symptoms of chlorosis, stunting and often do not properly head. Some of the most important fruits and vegetables affected by CMV are peppers, bananas, tomatoes and cucurbits.〔http://www.extento.hawaii.edu/kbase/crop/type/cucvir.htm〕 CMV in peppers causes slightly different symptoms than the previously mentioned. Pepper plants often have severe foliar damage, shown as mosaic and necrotic rings. Often the peppers themselves are misshapen and contain chlorotic rings and spots. Tomato plants are usually stunted and have poorly shaped leaves, or “fernleaf”, when infected by CMV. Also certain strains of CMV can cause partial or total crop loss. The cucumber mosaic virus has been found on American Beautyberry, an important wildlife and pollinator food source plant native to North America.〔http://lee.ifas.ufl.edu/Hort/GardenPubsAZ/Beautyberry_CMV.pdf〕 Image:CMVCd.jpg| Fig.4a. Symptoms in ''Commelina diffusa'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cucumber mosaic virus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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